The development and validation of a behavioral pharmaceutical care scale (BPCS) is described. The BPCS items were constructed by conducting an extensive review of the literature on pharmaceutical care and a focus group meeting. To validate the instrument, data were collected from 617 community pharmacists in Florida. Reliability coefficients for the BPCS domains were > 0.70, and the content validity index value for the whole instrument was 0.79. Evidence supporting trait validity of the BPCS was provided by using confirmatory factor analysis to confirm the instrument's dimensionality. Nomologic validity was established by confirming the hypothesis that pharmacists who in a prior survey reported they intend to provide pharmaceutical care would have a significantly higher BPCS score than those who reported they do not intend to provide pharmaceutical care. The behavioral pharmaceutical care scale, developed as a tool for measuring pharmacists' efforts to provide pharmaceutical care, was found to be reliable, sensitive, and valid.