Physicians' current and future expectations of and current experiences with pharmacists were studied. A three-part questionnaire was mailed to 2600 practicing physicians in California, including office-based practitioners, hospital-employed (nonhouse staff) physicians, and medical residents. A 5-point Likert scale was used to measure respondents' level of agreement with statements in each part; part 1 dealt with current expectations, part 2 with current experiences, and part 3 with future expectations. Respondents were asked to confirm their practice setting (office-based, hospital-based, medical resident, or other) and to indicate the number of years since graduation from medical school. The mean values of physician agreement with each statement were reported. There was neither strong agreement nor strong disagreement with any statement regarding physicians' current and future expectations of and current experiences with pharmacists. There was no correlation between practice setting and level of agreement with statements in any part of the questionnaire. There was a correlation between the number of years since graduation from medical school and the level of agreement with statements about current and future expectations; in both cases, those physicians who graduated from medical school less than 10 years ago had higher expectations of pharmacists than those who graduated 10 or more years ago. Overall, physicians do not know what to expect of pharmacists. Physicians' expectations of pharmacists were most strongly correlated with the number of years since graduation from medical school and least strongly correlated with physicians' practice setting.