HOME HELP FEEDBACK SUBSCRIPTIONS ARCHIVE SEARCH TABLE OF CONTENTS		QUICK SEARCH:   [advanced] Author: Keyword(s): Year:  Vol:  Page:

This Article Full Text Full Text (PDF) A correction has been published Alert me when this article is cited Alert me if a correction is posted Services Email this article to a friend Similar articles in this journal Similar articles in PubMed Alert me to new issues of the journal Download to citation manager Citing Articles Citing Articles via HighWire Citing Articles via Google Scholar Google Scholar Articles by Knapp, K. K. Articles by Black, B. L. Search for Related Content PubMed PubMed Citation Articles by Knapp, K. K. Articles by Black, B. L.

KATHERINE K. KNAPP, PH.D., is Dean, College of Pharmacy, Touro University—California, Vallejo; during a portion of this project, she was Professor and Director of the Center for Pharmacy Practice Research and Development, College of Pharmacy, Western University of Health Sciences (WUHS), Pomona, CA. MARK P. OKAMOTO, PHARM.D., is Associate Professor, College of Pharmacy, WUHS. BEVERLY L. BLACK, M.H.S.A., is Professional Practice Associate, Professional Practice and Scientific Affairs Division, American Society of Health-System Pharmacists, Bethesda, MD.

Address correspondence to Dr. Knapp at the College of Pharmacy, Touro University—California, 1310 Johnson Lane, Mare Island, Vallejo, CA 94592 (kknapp{at}touro.edu).

Purpose. The characteristics of and trends in pharmacy practice in ambulatory care settings across the United States were studied. Methods. A 2004 national survey of the ambulatory care responsibilities of pharmacists across a spectrum of organizational types (community hospitals, county facilities, Indian Health Services facilities, Veterans Affairs (VA) facilities, teaching institutions, integrated health networks, military facilities, and health maintenance organizations) was conducted and related to organizational features that could promote pharmacist participation. Results. From 1672 deliverable Web-based surveys, 233 organizations reported at least some pharmacist involvement in ambulatory activities, while 475 reported none. Over half of the 228 organizations with some pharmacist involvement reported pharmacists tracking adverse drug reactions (67%), providing written (53%) or oral (52%) information with new prescriptions, and conducting medication management programs (51%). Some 85% reported having at least one clinic with pharmacist involvement. Clinics for anticoagulation services (36%) and oncology services (28%) were most prevalent, followed by primary care or family practice clinics (23%) and diabetes clinics (21%). New survey items found a high prevalence of pharmacist involvement in emergency preparedness programs (90%), medication management services in complex medication situations (63%), and using evidence-based practice guidelines (60%). Of nine enabling factors (factors potentially promoting pharmacist involvement) investigated, participation on multidisciplinary teams and having collaborative practice agreements were significantly associated with pharmacist participation in at least one ambulatory care activity. Having at last one ambulatory care staff pharmacist with advanced training, having at least one residency program, and having collaborative practice agreements were significantly associated with pharmacist participation in at least one clinic or program. Pharmacist participation in ambulatory care activities was not equally distributed across different types of organizations, and VA facilities were notable for the amount and extent of participation. Conclusion. Pharmacists’ roles and responsibilities in ambulatory care appear to continue to evolve, with VA facilities leading the way. Index terms: Ambulatory care; Anticoagulants; Data collection; Diabetes mellitus; Disaster planning; Drugs, adverse reactions; Education, pharmaceutical; Patient information; Pharmaceutical services; Pharmacists; Pharmacy; Team; United States

 

This article has been cited by other articles:

				S. M. Cone, M. C. Brown, and R. L. Stambaugh Characteristics of ambulatory care clinics and pharmacists in Veterans Affairs medical centers: An update Am. J. Health Syst. Pharm., April 1, 2008; 65(7): 631 - 635. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				ASHP Statement on Professionalism Am. J. Health Syst. Pharm., January 15, 2008; 65(2): 172 - 174. [Full Text] [PDF]

				A. D. Brooks, R. S. Rihani, and C. L. Derus Pharmacist membership in a medical group's diabetes health management program Am. J. Health Syst. Pharm., March 15, 2007; 64(6): 617 - 621. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				B. A. Muller and D. L. McDanel Enhancing quality and safety through physician-pharmacist collaboration. Am. J. Health Syst. Pharm., June 1, 2006; 63(11): 996 - 997. [Full Text] [PDF]

				D. S. Longyhore Residency programs in primary and ambulatory care pharmacy practice Am. J. Health Syst. Pharm., September 15, 2005; 62(18): 1868 - 1869. [Full Text] [PDF]

				ASHP Health-System Pharmacy 2015 Initiative: Baseline statistics Am. J. Health Syst. Pharm., July 1, 2005; 62(13): 1393 - 1397. [Full Text] [PDF]