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PHILIP J. SCHNEIDER, M.S., FASHP, is Clinical Professor and Director, Latiolais Leadership Program; and CRAIG A. PEDERSEN, PH.D., is Associate Professor and Director of Graduate Studies, Division of Pharmacy Practice and Administration, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University (OSU), Columbus. KATHRYN R. MONTANYA, PHARM.D., M.S., is Medication Safety Specialist, Loyola University Health System, Maywood, IL. CHRISTINE R. CURRAN, PH.D., RN, CNA, is Associate Professor of Clinical Nursing, College of Nursing, OSU, and Director, Nursing Informatics, Department of Nursing, OSU Health System, Columbus. SPENCER E. HARPE, PHARM.D., PH.D., M.P.H., is Assistant Professor of Pharmacy, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Pharmacy, Richmond. WAYNE BOHENEK, PHARM.D., M.S., FASHP, is Vice President, Patient Safety and Pharmacy Excellence, Catholic Healthcare Partners, Cincinnati, OH. BONNIE PERRATTO, M.B.A., RN, CNAA, CHE, is Senior Vice President, Nursing and Clinical Services, Humility of Mary Health Partners, Youngstown, OH. T. JANE SWAIM, M.S., RN, is Vice President, Nursing, St. Elizabeth Medical Center, Edgewood, KY. KAY E. WELLMAN, M.S.N., RN, CNAA, CHE, is Senior Vice President and Chief Nurse Executive, St. Rita’s Medical Center, Lima, OH.

Address correspondence to Mr. Schneider at the Division of Pharmacy Practice and Administration, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, 500 West 12th Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210 (schneider.5{at}osu.edu).

Purpose. The impact of an interactive CD-ROM program on the rate of medication administration errors made by nurses was studied. Methods. This randomized, controlled, nonblinded study was conducted at three community hospitals. Study participants included 30 registered nurses who had at least one year of nursing experience in acute care and who worked on medical or medical–surgical units. Nurses were randomized to an intervention group that completed an interactive CD-ROM program on safe medication practices or to a control group. Direct observation was used to determine the baseline (preintervention) and postintervention error rates for both study and control groups. Three categories of errors were defined: deviation from safe administration practices (core 1), preparation and administration errors (core 2), and deviations from prescribed therapy (core 3). An error rate was calculated for each nurse, and the error rates for the study and control groups were based on the average error rate for the nurses in each group. Results. The majority of errors made were core 1 errors. The nurse-level data showed a significant decrease in core 1 error rates between baseline and postintervention periods. Core 2 error rates were higher in the postintervention period, but the increase was not significant. Very few core 3 errors were made by either group during either period. Conclusion. An interactive CD-ROM enabled nurses to apply the information learned to identify errors in medication administration and improved adherence to safe medication administration practices. Index terms: CD ROM; Computers; Drug administration; Errors, medication; Hospitals; Nurses; Toxicity

 

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